Rainfed is ecologically fragile area and vulnerable to climate change which are largely inhabited by poor farmers. According to union ministry of Agriculture, it accounts 52 per cent of total net sown area (141 million ha) in the country. However, it contributes only 40 per cent of total food production. The importance of rainfed varies regionally, but rainfed areas produce most food for poor communities in developing countries. It provides nutrition security through millets, pulses and oilseeds. So, it is important to discuss about the major challenges of rainfed area and some strategies to enhance the production in these area. Managing climate risks, enhancing rainwater productivity, maintaining soil quality, low and skewed farm mechanization and poor socio-economic settings are major concerns in the rainfed area.