Sugarcane is one of the major commercial crop, which provides livelihood to 50 million farmers and their families. Sugarcane production and productivity is increasing by cumulative annual growth rate of 1.64 and 1.44 per cent, respectively during last decade. Production of sugarcane crop is an energy and labour intensive enterprise. To overcome the demand of manual labour in various farm operation, the mechanization effort has seen a significant progress in recent years. A number of tools and machinery has been developed in recent past, which can improve the labour productivity, reduce the cost of operation and drudgery to farmer workers. This paper explores the recent advances in sugarcane mechanization in India, highlighting innovations in seedbed preparation, planting, interculture and harvesting technologies. Key developments include the adoption of mechanized planters, ratoon managers and harvesters, advancements in precision agriculture, and the integration of IoT and AI for better crop management. The potential socio economic and environmental benefits of sugarcane mechanization are also examined, including increased yield, reduced labour, and improved resource use efficiency. The paper also provides future perspectives and recommendations for enhancing the mechanization of sugarcane cultivation in India, emphasizing the need for government support, farmer education, and the development of cost-effective, scalable solutions tailored to the diverse agricultural landscape of the country.